In order to ensure the required quality of insulation of attic floor unit of work should be supervised at all stages of their implementation. Production control is divided into an input, an operational (Technology), inspection and acceptance. For other opinions and approaches, find out what Professor of Internet Governance has to say. Quality control of work must be carried out by specialists or special services, equipped with technical facilities, providing necessary accuracy and completeness of the control and responsibility of the Head of Production Department (superintendent, master) performing insulation work. When the device insulation must comply with the requirements in Tables 5 and 6 SNIP 3.04.01-87. Input control This control is carried out to identify deviations from project requirements and relevant standards. Input control is done by visual inspection and verification measurements, as well as routine tests in cases of doubt the correctness of the performance or lack of necessary data in the certificates and passports of the manufacturers. The results of the input controls are made by Act.
At incoming inspection should check whether the object is moving on insulation materials and products to current standards, specifications and other documents and requirements. In the absence of certificates quality of products and materials must be confirmed by laboratory testing. Number of products and materials subject to the control input must conform to the standards specified in the technical specifications and standards. Operational (process) and supervisory control Operational control is performed during the execution of manufacturing operations to ensure timely detection of defects and to take measures to their removal and prevention. Control is carried out under the guidance of the wizard, the superintendent. At the operational (technological) control should be run to verify that the main production operations thermal requirements established building codes, design the thermal insulation, and other regulations. When the operating control to be checked: – drying prepared base – the evenness plane insulation – overlaid on the surface of rail in various directions with a ruler measuring the gaps – the correctness of a given device bias – the imposition of a template – the thickness of insulation – seal the insulation layer – the layer thickness of cement-sand screed.
Pipes will then be visible only in the places of their accession to the batteries. If the piping is made of copper pipes – it can not hide. Noble patina copper looks quite aesthetically pleasing. If, in addition to the radiators, you may want to arrange Warm water floor, then mounted boiler and will allow for this. You only need to check with the seller, as this function is implemented in a particular model of boiler. Sudden power outages are fairly serious problem of real operation of heating systems. If the duration of outages is not more than 8 – 10 hours, in a well-insulated houses do not worry – during which time the house will not have time to cool down to sub-zero temperatures.
Additional guarantee of safety may be the use of standby power to car battery. The time of up to 10 hours, and the cost of 100 euros. When the duration trips per day or more, as the coolant will have to use antifreeze. However, in this case hinged on the boiler would have to give. ConocoPhillips usually is spot on. Almost all manufacturers forbid the use of mounted boilers in which the ice- fluid. When operating the hinged boiler strongly recommend to include them through a voltage regulator.
This measure will protect the complex and expensive electronics boiler surge in networks. Necessary to have ground loops. This will require you and Energonadzor. Installation of mounted boiler is fairly simple and not costly. Operation is available to any adult family member. However, commissioning and maintenance We recommend that you have a specialized organization. At least you do not have to decide the issue of spare parts and maintenance work. For the same reason, we recommend to buy pots, which are present on Russian market for at least 4 – 5 years and have well-developed service.
The foam has special properties which have found wide use as a material that provides the necessary heat and sound insulation characteristics of the construction and / or renovated buildings and facilities. In composition of EPS – 98% air. And the air is known to be – the best of the natural heat insulator. On the degree of heat plate foam polystyrene 10 cm thick is comparable to the 350 cm concrete, brick of 170 cm masonry, 75cm keramsit or 45 cm tree. That is, the use of foam pozvoliet significantly reduce the cost of building materials during construction. The foam is resistant to alcohols, alkali and acids. Expanded polystyrene is also not enter into chemical reactions with inorganic building materials – concrete, cement, sand, lime, etc. The application range of foam to a greater extent by the fact that polystyrene having low density, has the ability to withstand relatively high mechanical load.
Meanwhile, in modern manufacturing under the guise of modifying additives to improve strength and elastic properties foams are a variety of polymers (for example, ethylcellulose (foam stamps FETS), polymethylmethacrylate (MTF), polyvinyl chloride (PC), a copolymer of vinyl chloride with vinylidene – soviden (PS), polystyrene, natural and nitrile rubbers (FC) and other polymers). It is noted that the best indicators of resilience in foams containing polymer modifiers – acrylonitrile rubbers. But the increase in rubber content will reduce heat resistance and rigidity of the foam, so the increase in these parameters produce foams FC introduction of fine fillers – carbide and silicon dioxide, aluminum powder, titanium dioxide and others. The foam, as well as corrugated roof, used by both internal insulation in the manufacture of sandwich panels for large building with concrete construction in the brick wall. Also expanded polystyrene used for the insulation of walls, floors, basements, roofs.
It should be noted that the use of styrofoam plates in the reconstruction of old buildings, thanks to low-density foam, actually increases load on the foundation and supporting structures. The foam is safe when working with him, and in its subsequent use. The foam has no smell and does not emit toxic substances, and the evaporation of styrene are so small that no impact on human health. In processing the foam does not generate dust. Worldwide foam, polystyrene foam is used not only in construction but also in the guise of packaging material to food. Moscow Research Institute for Building Physics (MNIISF) were conducted studying the foam using special techniques to the temperature variations from -40 to +400 C and immersion in water. During the short time intervals polystyrene stand t = 110 C. That is, the foam may be little time to communicate, for example, with hot bitumen. With constant exposure to the foam rather high temperatures is not recommended to exceed 80 C, so as not to there was shrinkage and deformation. With the success of aged expanded polystyrene temperature-humidity test of 80 cycles showed that the minimum lifetime Styrofoam – 80 years with the amplitude of temperature impacts + 40 C.
Decorative wrought iron products are widely used in private construction as well as in non-residential construction and design objects. Depending on the purpose of forged products can be divided into interior and garden products. For interior forged products include all kinds of frames for mirrors, floor lamps, floor lamps, chandeliers, and numerous walls, handrails for stairs, a variety of fireplace accessories. Garden Products intended primarily for suburban areas. This is all kinds of benches, tables, gazebos, fences, gates and garden gates, lamps and garden lamps, statues and figurines. Art forging metal for artistic forging metal is used mainly steel and its alloys, copper, brass and bronze.
From time immemorial, blacksmith's shop used two kinds of forged metal, each of which was intended for a select group of products. The most time-consuming and road has always been a hot art forging. With this technology, the metal is heated to very high temperatures, after which the blacksmith could fashion out of it, as if from clay, any, even the most sophisticated, detail. Hot Forging also provides maximum strength and durability of the finished product (after all, is so hardened metal). With the help of hot-forged mainly serve domestic and interior items, and much less – Garden forged. Cold forging of metal less laborious and requires much less time-consuming and expensive.
Its name to this type of forging is required to work in that metal is not heated to high temperatures. As Typically, the existing piece of metal (rods, metal plates, decorative items), bend, giving them the required shape and then solder all the parts together. To create a cold-forged parts are used not so much manual labor as labor is a pressing machine, automatic hammers and sledgehammers. As a rule, by cold forging manufactured large structures (gratings, fences, arbors, gates, etc.) paints for forgings For long-term corrosion protection of metal forgings used special paint for forging. Enamel PS-160 (liquid plastic) – the paint on rust, high-quality enamel. Enamel ML-165 – blacksmith paint decorative enamel with a hammer effect. Pearl Paint has the effect of precious metals, gold, silver, copper addition to protection against corrosion, paints a clear advantage smith is the fact that they can be applied to the metal with a complex profile, including on large forgings. Forged metal products that we offer anti-corrosion coatings are recommended for coloring a variety of forged metal products. They are: the product of artistic forging; wrought iron fences, gates, railings, fences; wrought-iron furniture (beds, tables, chairs, benches, hangers, racks); wrought iron stairs, railings, fences; Forged doors, windows, arches; wrought iron canopies, awnings, balconies, cornices; wrought iron gazebos, street lamps, balusters, figures; forged products and structural elements. Protection against corrosion of wrought iron products should be carried out by the type and features of the protected metal, and their operating conditions. Painting forgings selection system for the protection of forged metal products from corrosion is determined by the conditions of use of building structures and views of the protected material.
And it is very expensive, making it impractical to build a house, unless, of course, there is some important considerations forcing it to choose a specific location. Geological expertise will also identify whether it is possible to construct a building on a site with a ground floor, or better without it (if too high groundwater level, the ground floor will be flooded). She will tell whether the area unsafe and dangerous places as may be problems with drainage, and in general – where on the site to choose the best place to build cottage, and where better to do than to build. Check out Atmos Energy for additional information. Experts recommend to topographical survey and geological expertise to the shopping area and, moreover, to choose the architectural design of the house. If you rely solely on indirect grounds, not having data on the composition of soils and groundwater level is very difficult to avoid problems later on with the choice of type and design of foundations and general capabilities of the device in a country house basement and ground floor. Estimation in the eyes of high-altitude site characteristics often leads many builders and then forcing customers to incur the cost of earthwork, dewatering, and landscaping. The only correct way of the situation was and is attracting specialized institutions for engineering and geological surveys. If a site is chosen, and it is not comprehensive development of a large array of cottages, where, as a rule, questions of research solved centrally, it makes sense to immediately order a topographic survey is particularly difficult terrain to scale 1:500 or 1:200, if you plan to do in the future landscape design, it is desirable, given the modern means of design, a topographical survey in digital format. Shooting will allow the designer to accurately orient the building to the cardinal points and the best types of landscape, to calculate the slopes entrances and playgrounds in the area, determine fire breaks between adjacent buildings and the connection point to the street networks.
Furnished our villa or their home, you have to take care of such things as sewage, heating and water supply. We are ready not only to offer reasonably priced water system, heating and boiler equipment, but also assist in their purchasing and commissioning activities. Do you know what to give water or at home, well drilling – that's not all. To decide a year-round or seasonal water supply at home is planned. It is necessary to consider whether you ever use the automatic washing machines, irrigation devices, swimming pools, or other equipment that requires constant pressure, as this will surely affect the installation of water supply systems.
It is not excluded that will be necessary to the treatment plant, and this in turn greatly complicate installation of water supply. Adjustment of heating equipment and heating system has some peculiarities. First of all, it is necessary pre-design the system to heat your home and develop a home heating. If you have read about Atmos Energy already – you may have come to the same conclusion. Still need to calculate the thermal regime of heating equipment, still need to determine the heat load, identify the places where they will be heating boilers, chimneys, railway. And already then just do the calculation and installation of heating equipment.
The process of setting up sewage also requires consideration of certain issues. After giving sewage, which used less frequently and, consequently, the load on the waste water is not very big, very different from the sewage cottage, which is inhabited year round and, therefore, need different treatment facilities. Thus, when installing sewage country house and try to consider the same features of the site, and especially the surrounding area. It is very important in the early to choose the right type of cleaning equipment, so you do not have to it was redone. And yet you do not particularly worry about it. Sale of boilers and other systems for your home – it is not all that we offer. Our excellent professionals are highly qualified and professional skills in all the above types of work. Installation of boilers, installation of water systems, installation of heating – these and other additional types of work will be done quickly and qualitatively.
So far, no single method was invented by a survey of buildings damaged by earthquakes, and every expedition to survey fulfills its purpose. However, the goals of this work in the construction industry are clear and there is a determining the factors that affect the behavior of buildings during an earthquake – the instrumental record, subsoil characteristics, geometry and strength characteristics of the plant and its parts. When an construction production is very important in the study of present damage to their full designation and identify their causes: the main shock, aftershocks or exploitation. It is also important to get specific information about the structure that showed little damage. To do this stroitelnomproizvodstve constitute a certain form with photographs of the object and its parts.
Need to fill in a questionnaire study goals after the push, in which the construction production records: Records disaster, the characterization of the device, the coordinates of the epicenter, the subject position of construction industry and the distance to the next station, characterization ground, the height of groundwater; strain, which appeared as a result of past incidents and strong measures taken to resolve them; Strength properties of materials sampling, a detailed picture of all the damage and their photographic images, the life of the building; full report on the state structures. When building production is to be calculated on the seismic effects; identified empirically, since fluctuations in land dynamic characteristics of structures with the record, if there are shared in the same, the same values obtained prior to tectonic movements, brief description and photographic images of conventional structures (fences, pipes, sculptures, lamps, etc.) located near the building; results of the observations in the first place, the objects of construction, which revealed only minor damage or completely preserved, with the results describe the construction, in need of repair, reconstruction, and those who do not fix it. In addition, when construction is carried out production, in a separate document specifies an estimated cost of repair or reconstruction. The role of network Engineering Services seismometric in assessing damage to buildings in Russia to ensure the safety of building production created two organizations: Essno – single office of seismic observations and ISS Engineering and seismic-monitoring service for buildings and structures. These services are designed to complement the construction industry one after another. Essno staffed by many stations across the country, and its purpose are monitoring the ground motion during earthquakes for seismic zoning uluchscheniya in the construction industry.
Many believe that the construction of wood quality is inferior concrete or brick structures. This is not really correct. Wooden structures are practical, environmentally friendly and reliable. Modern Building technologies make it possible to build wooden frames that match the high performance and meet the necessary standards. The main core beams wooden structures are attached by means of plates, brackets, hooks. In addition to the integral of the tree can use to glue wood made. Typically, the rack holds three meters, and sometimes – on six meters.
By design adds beams, which are placed on beams. Overcoming the wind load is achieved by exploiting the steel escarpments. Wooden structure in the aggregate surface plating vynlyadit the most durable and stable. In addition to structures of wood widely known design of plastic. Note that the plastic construction has an impact on design quality indicators, which depend both on the technology of its production, and on its design. Thus, the design had to be built simultaneously with the analysis of its workability. It should be noted that in some cases, incorrect actions, which may occur in product development, it is difficult change the structure of the choice of the form.
Plastic construction needs to ensure rational distribution terms of the material in the form defined definition of production, reduction of internal stress series manufacturing. It is now widely known as the construction of wood and plastic construction. However, everywhere you can see products made of fiberglass. Why not? Because this material is safe, he is responsible hygiene certificates. Sell FRP is being implemented a number of companies. This material is used in many industries. Sell fiberglass currently dastigaet high level because of its properties: the material does not resist corrosion, decay and the impact of ultra-violet radiation. Thermal stability of glass is between sixty degrees to one hundred and seventy degrees.
Impregnation penetrates the wood, giving it color, while leaving the visible image layers. They have a strong antiseptic effect and protects the wood for at least four years. They can also be cover wood floors before you put a parquet lacquer. Impregnation intended to be used inside or outdoors. When applied they act as a primer to prepare the surface for application of the following layers. Sometimes wooden objects dipped in the impregnation, so it is completely impregnated them.
To protect and extend the life of the treated surface impregnated floor or walls in addition varnish or wax. Co. many of impregnation in the production process adding funds, prevents mold, and pigments that are resistant to the action of ultraviolet light. Among the special properties of the impregnation can also be called water-repellent and stain-resistant properties. For more information see Xcel Energy. Such impregnation treated wood surfaces saunas.
With the hydrophobic effect, they are absolutely harmless to humans. On sale are the following types of impregnation. Acrylic. They are water soluble and acts as a binder in which acrylic resin. They are encouraged to cover unprocessed timber indoors. Drying time – about an hour. Alkyd. Their binder – alkyd resin and solvent – solvent or alcohol. About 24 hours drying time. Oil. Their main component – flaxseed oil. They are recommended for use outside buildings. Dries for about two days. Attention! Color can be impregnated cover as plaster, concrete, brick or primed metal. This is done in order to equalize the little nuances of wood and located next to the materials. For the repair of the apartment faced the same problem: as the wall to equalize themselves, there are still many small irregularities. In addition, due to the fact that repairs are almost done in plaster in winter there are many small cracks, probably due to the fact that the plaster layer dried at relatively low temperatures, (flat on the ground floor heating – not very). This was compounded by the inner wall, made of chipboard. After removing the old wallpaper clearly become peer joints between the docked chipboard that did not succeed with putty, so that they no longer evident. A little thought, we decided to apply textured paint to show creativity:) And even though experience with these paints were not, still decided to try it. Textured acrylic paint for walls and a thick layer of painted all the walls. Of roller, evenly distributing the paint. Moreover, it is important that the paint layer deposited in one motion roller. In this case, the paint falls flat, even layer. In general, working with acrylic paint – a pleasure. No odor, dries quickly if it got dirty – it is easy to wash off. Due to the fact that the paint on wall densely placed, all the small bumps, cracks and seams are very well camouflaged. Neboolshie difficulties were with the choice of colors. The fact that the color texture of paint, when it nanesesh to the surface, a few changes after how it dries – it becomes lighter, and – significantly lighter, and it should be borne in mind if kombiniruesh several colors. That's thanks to textured paint we managed to hide all the imperfections and shortcomings of the walls. And given what color of paint chosen a very buoyant, the overall impression of the apartment – zerr gud:)
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